Buffalo picks off Brady 4 times, last-second FG sends Buffalo to 34-31 win
By JOHN WAWROW
updated 4:23 p.m. ET Sept. 25, 2011
ORCHARD PARK, N.Y. - Time to Bill-ieve?
Ryan Fitzpatrick and the new-look, resilient, win-in-the-clutch Buffalo Bills are showing they're for real after producing their second consecutive stunning comeback victory ? this time against their AFC East nemesis, the New England Patriots.
Rian Lindell hit a 28-yard field goal as time expired to cap a 34-31 win over the Patriots in which the Bills overcame a 21-0 second-quarter deficit and snapped a 15-game losing streak against New England.
It was a win for the new generation of Bills, who don't know any better. And the victory was particularly cherished by senior members such as linebacker Chris Kelsay, one of four Buffalo players still on hand since the team's last victory over New England, in the 2003 season opener.
"It's the biggest win of my career. I can't think of any bigger," Kelsay said. "To beat these guys at home, in front of our fans, with the way they're behind us despite being down early, it's huge. I'll never forget it."
Former Bills lineman Ruben Brown hugged Buffalo players as they ran up the tunnel. Running back Fred Jackson ran around the field carrying a Bills flag. And stadium workers took no chances, first guarding the goal posts before lowering them on their own before fans got any ideas.
It was that kind of euphoric win for a team attempting to turn around a dreadful past in which it has gone 11 seasons without making the playoffs.
The Bills (3-0) won courtesy of yet another Fitzpatrick-led rally. And it was reminiscent of what the Bills did in a 38-35 win over Oakland a week earlier, when they scored touchdowns on their final five possession to overcome a 21-3 deficit.
Fitzpatrick went 27 of 40 for 369 yards and two touchdowns. Jackson once again provided a spark with 72 yards rushing and a touchdown, and 87 yards receiving, including a 38-yard catch that set up Lindell's decisive kick.
The Patriots (2-1) had a 10-game regular-season winning streak snapped and suddenly find themselves looking up in the standings at Buffalo. Aside from their 15-game win streak, third longest in NFL history for one franchise against another, the Pats had won 20 of the past 21 over the Bills.
"Obviously, it was a disappointing loss for us today," Patriots coach Bill Belichick said. "We've just got to do a better job."
Wes Welker had 16 catches for a franchise record 217 yards and two scores, and Rob Gronkowski also scored twice. Tom Brady went 30 of 45 for 386 yards and four scores for New England, but uncharacteristically unraveled.
Despite setting a league record for most yards passing over a three-game stretch, Brady matched a career worst with four interceptions. That included Drayton Florence's 27-yard interception return for a touchdown with 10:22 left that came 14 seconds after Jackson tied the game at 24 with a 1-yard plunge.
"We played a good football team and made too many mistakes," said Brady, whose four interceptions against Buffalo matched the number he had all of last season. "It's never easy. ... We had too many turnovers, too many penalties that allowed them to get some easy plays. ... I just wish we would have made a few less mistakes."
Dating to 1950, the Bills became the only team to overcome deficits of at least 18 points to win in consecutive weeks, according to STATS LLC. In fact, only five teams had previously won twice in one season when trailing by 18 or more points.
The last team to do so: the Patriots in 1996.
The game wasn't decided until the final four minutes, and after Brady led the Patriots back to tie the score at 31 on a 6-yard touchdown pass to Welker ? on fourth-and-goal, no less.
Back marched the Bills, who got the ball back with 3:25 left.
Fitzpatrick needed only three plays to get the Bills into scoring position.
Facing first-and-10 at the Patriots 39, Fitzpatrick hit Jackson on a short crossing pattern over the middle. Jackson broke loose and was attempting to dive into the end zone before being tackled from behind by Devin McCourty.
Officials initially ruled Jackson had scored before having it overturned on video review.
That wound up an advantage to the Bills, who ran down the clock by kneeling. The Patriots ran out of timeouts ? and composure as an unsportmanlike conduct penalty against Vince Wilfork gave Buffalo another set of downs at the 1.
All it took was Lindell to line up and hit a chip shot with the crowd cheering and standing on its feet.
"That's the loudest I've ever heard it in here," Lindell said. "Certainly they've been the team to beat. It's definitely a step in the right direction."
Stevie Johnson had eight catches for 94 yards and a touchdown for Buffalo. Tight end Scott Chandler also scored on a 3-yard catch.
? 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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More newsHunter Martin / Getty Images Contributor
Turns out NFC East up for grabs
PFT: The Giants roughed up, then knock out Michael Vick in Sunday's win, which shows the NFC East is going to be a wild, wild race.
Chris Trotman / Getty Images
Giants rough up Vick, pop Eagles ? |? ??Video
With Michael Vick knocked out of another game, Eli Manning and the New York Giants wouldn't let the Philadelphia Eagles finish off their comeback. Manning threw four touchdown passes, including two to Victor Cruz, and the Giants beat the Eagles 29-16 Sunday.
Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction, that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. It covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge.
Ecommerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between ?conventional? and ?electronic? commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet.
Business to Business or B2B refers to electronic commerce between businesses rather than between a business and a consumer. B2B businesses often deal with hundreds or even thousands of other businesses, either as customers or suppliers. Carrying out these transactions electronically provides vast competitive advantages over traditional methods. When implemented properly, ecommerce is often faster, cheaper and more convenient than the traditional methods of bartering goods and services.
Electronic transactions have been around for quite some time in the form of Electronic Data Interchange or EDI. EDI requires each supplier and customer to set up a dedicated data link (between them), where ecommerce provides a cost-effective method for companies to set up multiple, ad-hoc links. Electronic commerce has also led to the development of electronic marketplaces where suppliers and potential customers are brought together to conduct mutually beneficial trade.
The road to creating a successful online store can be a difficult if unaware of ecommerce principles and what ecommerce is supposed to do for your online business. Researching and understanding the guidelines required to properly implement an e-business plan is a crucial part to becoming successful with online store building.
What do you need to have an online store and what exactly is a shopping cart?
Shopping cart software?is an operating system used to allow consumers to purchase goods and or services, track customers, and tie together all aspects of ecommerce into one cohesive whole.
While there are many types of software that you can use, customizable, turnkey solutions are proven to be a cost effective method to build, edit and maintain an online store. How do online shopping carts differ from those found in a grocery store? The image is one of an invisible shopping cart. You enter an online store, see a product that fulfills your demand and you place it into your virtual shopping basket. When you are through browsing, you click checkout and complete the transaction by providing payment information.
To start an online business it is best to find a niche product that consumers have difficulty finding in malls or department stores. Also take shipping into consideration. Pets.com found out the hard way: dog food is expensive to ship FedEx! Then you need an ecommerce enabled website. This can either be a new site developed from scratch, or an existing site to which you can add ecommerce shopping cart capabilities.
The next step, you need a means of?accepting online payments. This usually entails obtaining a merchant account and accepting credit cards through an online payment gateway (some smaller sites stick with simpler methods of accepting payments such as PayPal).
Lastly, you need a marketing strategy for driving targeted traffic to your site and a means of enticing repeat customers. If you are new to ecommerce keep things simple- know your limitations.
Ecommerce can be a very rewarding venture, but you cannot make money overnight. It is important to do a lot of research, ask questions, work hard and make on business decisions on facts learned from researching ecommerce. Don?t rely on ?gut? feelings. We hope our online ecommerce tutorial has helped your business make a better decision in choosing an online shopping cart for your ecommerce store.
NASA space junk scientists believe that all ? or nearly all ? of the parts of their 20-year-old dead satellite safely plunged into the Pacific Ocean, likely missing land. But if their estimates are off, by only five minutes or so, fiery pieces could have fallen on parts of northwestern North America.
Cuadrilla said there are many opportunities for workers who want to work in the gas industry
An energy firm which has been test drilling for controversial "shale gas" in Lancashire has said it has found vast gas resources underground.
Cuadrilla Resources began testing for gas on the Fylde Coast in March, using a technique known as "fracking".
It said it had found 200 trillion cubic feet of gas under the ground, which if recovered could provide 5,600 jobs in the UK, 1,700 of those in Lancashire.
Opponents to the process believe it produces damaging carbon emissions.
A small protest, organised by Campaign Against Climate Change, was held outside The Imperial Hotel in Blackpool on Wednesday, where Cuadrilla met to announce its findings.
Fracking involves the hydraulic fracturing of the ground using high-pressure liquid containing chemicals to release the gas.
Campaigners have warned developing the fossil fuel could draw investment away from the UK's potentially huge renewable industry.
The gas is found in shale formed from deposits of mud, silt, clay and organic matter.
Continue reading the main story
Analysis
The total amount of gas that Cuadrilla estimates to be in the shale formation it's been exploring is huge.
It's more than 10 times the reserves known to exist under the UK's part of the North Sea - more than the total known in all UK fields, in fact.
But total gas isn't the same thing as useable gas; and how much of it can be extracted is another matter, as the company acknowledges.
Before it can extract any of it, it will have to satisfy the government (and local residents, perhaps) that the process is safe, which might not be straightforward given the association that has been mooted between "fracking" and small earthquakes close to the existing exploratory wells.
Then there is the question of whether the economics work out.
If it is extractable at a good price, there is a large chance that this one field will put a major dent in the government's climate change ambitions, which depend most of all on switching electricity generation to low-carbon fuels - which shale gas most definitely is not.
The process has caused controversy in the US on environmental grounds, where there have been claims from some householders that the subsequent release of gas has caused illness and polluted drinking water.
In Lancashire, the tests were halted in June when two earthquakes occurred in the nearby Blackpool area.
Cuadrilla said it was expecting to find out within the next 30 days whether or not its work contributed to the tremors.
Cuadrilla's chief executive, Mark Miller, said the process would not pose a threat to UK groundwater.
He said the company hoped to drill up to 400 wells in Lancashire to extract some of the gas it had found under the ground in the area.
Mr Miller said thousands of highly skilled jobs would be created, with posts paying an average wage of ?55,000.
Cuadrilla hopes to drill as many as 400 wells over the next nine years and up to 800 over 16 years if gas extraction is successful.
Mr Miller said they could be grouped in units of 10 on each football pitch-sized site, reducing their impact on the landscape.
He said each well is drilled and then fracking takes place over several weeks, after which the well can potentially produce gas for up to 30 to 50 years.
"When they are done right, someone driving by on a country road or walking their dog, it will be hard for them to see our sites as they will blend in with the Lancashire countryside," he said.
Phil Thornhill, from Campaign Against Climate Change, was one of those protesting outside the meeting.
He said: "Those jobs could and should be in green energy. We need a revolution in the economy to really deal with climate change effectively.
"We need to be moving much quicker than we are to a low carbon economy, that would be a lot of jobs, a lot of development.
"They could create jobs in renewables if they put the investment there."
A spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) said it had to ensure any operations which went ahead were properly regulated.
"We welcome the news that Cuadrilla believe there to be good quantities of gas contained in the shale covered by their licence," he said.
"Our priority is to ensure that their operations are properly regulated and they face the same rigorous regime that all oil and gas operators must adhere to.
"The shale gas industry in the UK is in its infancy, and the eventual scale of the recoverable gas from this site is still unclear, but nothing will temper the government's firm and unbending commitment to safety and environmental protection.
"Any development must sit with our plans for a strong portfolio of energy sources as we move to a low carbon economy, including renewables, nuclear and clean coal and gas."
planning a holiday in Singapore? If so, this article may be useful for you. Singapore is a very popular tourist destination for many tourist attractions and good food. Singapore attracts tourists not only with neighboring countries, but also from around the world. In this article I will share with you some of the most popular tourist attractions in Singapore to share.
--> One of the most popular attractions is the Orchard Road. If you love to shop and dine, Orchard is a place where you can not afford not to go. Along the Orchard Road, there are many popular shopping malls such as Takashimaya, CK Tang, Paragon, and the newly opened ION Orchard. Many locals want to Orchard Road shopping and diverse dining options to visit. Sim Lim Square is another good place to shop in Singapore. Can I at Sim Lim Square, you will find all sorts of gadgets such as mobile phones, cameras, laptop computers, computer parts, etc. You can also enjoy tax-free shopping at Sim Lim Square . --> Another attraction is the Emerald Hill, which is between Newton and Orchard. Emerald Hill has a long history and many world-class people live there. If you are someone who loves a story, you as the Emerald Hill, because the impact of European architecture in various buildings in the Emerald Hill is considered. You can also Fort Canning Hill in different structures seen in the wars from the Second World War. --> Sentosa is an island off the coast of Singapore, and is another very popular tourist destination. You can ride the cable to the Habour Front and visit the various attractions on the island. If you are a sports and sunbathing, you can visit the Siloso Beach and play to enjoy the day sunbathing and volleyball. --> Before you visit Singapore, you will need to find an apartment first. Accommodation in Singapore is not a problem, because many hotels catering to a different area of ??the budget. Attract the luxury category, typically in
Mango, you sweet juicy OS update you. We can't wait to taste you. When are you going to come to Windows Phone? According to Microsoft, we can expect Mango to start rolling out "in the next week or two" More »
This is a brief composition on "VOIP, An Effective Solution to your Business Communication" It's just nowadays that folks are beginning to recognize concerning VOIP, discussing it on much larger level. Beforehand this topic was not that talked about. Primarily for the reason that individuals related with the subject matter did not do enough. Get full benefit of invaluable information in this piece of writing and please take time to understand it from top to bottom instead of just skimming through it.
This and numerous additional reports here are written by Abraham David. Please link to this web page if you take this piece of writing for whichever reason. Article on "VOIP, An Effective Solution to your Business Communication" starts after this.
Article Starts from Here:
Communication is undoubtedly one of the essential parts of putting up a successful business venture. You need to have an effective communication channel within the walls of your internal business organization to facilitate the harmonious relationship among various functions of your organization, which is vital in terms of favorable delivery of products and services to the clients you are catering to. Also, aside from the internal communication matters of your business venture, you also have to satisfy good communication channel outside the walls of your organization, particularly with your suppliers, business partners and associates, and your clientele to establish your business as one of the successful entrepreneurial organizations in the business world. Thus, you cannot take for granted the capability of communication in making your business venture a success.
Business communication is all about effective interaction within and outside the walls of your business organization. For instance, the marketing and production departments of your company need to work hand in hand in order to come up with an effective marketing strategy for product and service delivery to the public. At the same time, the hierarchy of your business organization (you, being the overall manager and some of your marketing advisers) needs to communicate with the public you are targeting to sell your products or services through advertising companies and business associates.
Those aforementioned scenarios are mostly reliable on telecommunication, which is the top solution in business communication nowadays. See that ringing phones everyday in your business office or your mobile phone constantly vibrating to remind you that your business partner is waiting for your nod on a particular business deal? Telecommunication is an effective business communication solution.
As time passes by, the telecom industry is evolving to come up with the latest offerings in terms of more sophisticated, highly efficient, and cost effective tools in business communication. If you think regular phone lines and mobile phones are just what you need for your business communication, you may start thinking about it once again.
Most practical entrepreneurs always look for something that will provide them both advantage and convenience at the same time. Thus, when they heard about the Voice over Internet Protocol, or most commonly known as VoIP, they take a shot of it and see for themselves how it is to have a VoIP system integrated with their business communication system.
The VoIP Basics
VoIP is similar to your traditional communication networks (your regular phone line and mobile phone units), only that communication mediums are now high-speed broadband Internet connection. Because of the wide availability of Internet nowadays as well as the reliability of the system in terms of exchanging data, the cost of using VoIP in communication is much cheaper than maintaining traditional phone lines and at the same time the voice quality is more audible.
The VoIP Benefits
The most important benefit of using VoIP as your business communication solution is its cost-effectiveness. Most VoIP service providers offer lower voice call costs by as much as 40 to 60 percent less than the traditional voice calls. Therefore, if you are maintaining five different phone lines and you are averaging about $300 per phone line, you will be able to save as much as $180 per phone line if you will maintain a VoIP system instead. In addition, there are VoIP-based phone calls that are offered free of charge in limited areas, depending on your VoIP service provider and product that you are using.
Warning: Anything inside this piece of writing is personal view of its author on "VOIP, An Effective Solution to your Business Communication", you have to carry out your own investigation to come up with accurate facts. You should seek advice from a specialist of this field. OvalEgg.com is not responsible for any damages of any kind that may arise from applying information contained in this article.
Other benefits of VoIP system for your business communication are as follows:
? There are built-in functions that are useful for your business communication such as voice mail, call routing, and call waiting. Most of these call features are also available to regular telephone lines for additional charges, which is contrary to the VoIP package. ? VoIP is flexible, thus you can adjust the system well based on your specific business needs. For instance, if you need more VoIP lines, you need not to reapply for another line. Instead, you will just upgrade your existing VoIP subscription at a lower cost. ? Lastly, VoIP is easy to use. You need not to have too many technical people to handle the system.
VoIP is not just a simple product. It is an effective business communication solution to maintain harmonious relationship within and outside the walls of your corporate organization. You will not regret-instead, you will be thankful you have a VoIP as your primary communication tool for your business venture.
Thanks for reading this write-up. If you are planning to take this composition for your use in any way, please link back to this page. I hope you loved what I wrote on "VOIP, An Effective Solution to your Business Communication". I would be delighted to know what you think about it, negative or positive. Please leave a comment below and show me you're alive.
Article Source with Title: VOIP, An Effective Solution to your Business Communication Article Source URL: http://ovalegg.com/communications/voip/voip-an-effective-solution-to-your-business-communication
Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney talks during a town hall meeting in Miami, Wednesday, Sept. 21, 2011. Romney discussed his plans to improve the economy, create jobs and protect Social Security and then take questions. (AP Photo/Alan Diaz)
Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney talks during a town hall meeting in Miami, Wednesday, Sept. 21, 2011. Romney discussed his plans to improve the economy, create jobs and protect Social Security and then take questions. (AP Photo/Alan Diaz)
FILE - In this Sept. 12, 2011 file photo, Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks in North Charleston, S.C. Wading into a tense foreign policy dispute, Republican presidential candidates Rick Perry and Mitt Romney on Tuesday criticized the Palestinian Authority's effort to seek a formal recognition of statehood by the U.N. General Assembly. The GOP rivals also used the jockeying at the U.S. to assail President Barack Obama's policy toward Israel. (AP Photo/Bruce Smith, File)
FILE - In this Sept. 16, 2011 file photo, Republican presidential candidate, Texas Gov. Rick Perry speaks in Des Moines, Iowa. Wading into a tense foreign policy dispute, Republican presidential candidates Rick Perry and Mitt Romney on Tuesday criticized the Palestinian Authority's effort to seek a formal recognition of statehood by the U.N. General Assembly. The GOP rivals also used the jockeying at the U.S. to assail President Barack Obama's policy toward Israel. (AP Photo/Charlie Neibergall, File)
MIAMI (AP) ? Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney on Wednesday questioned how Rick Perry would fix Social Security as the focus of the GOP presidential race turns to senior citizen-rich Florida this week.
In a likely preview of a Thursday debate in Orlando, Romney took issue with Perry's contention in a recently published book that each of the 50 states would better handle the huge federal program.
"In my opinion, this does not work in any way, shape or form," Romney, the former Massachusetts governor, said at a town hall meeting attended by about 75 people." Romney also asserted that Perry called Social Security "unconstitutional" and added: "I believe it is constitutional. I think that's proven and settled."
While Perry indeed roundly criticized Social Security in his book, he didn't use the word unconstitutional. Rather, Perry branded the program the "best example" of the "fraud" and "bad disease" spread by Washington in Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Perry furthermore criticized the Supreme Court of that era for "abdicating its role as the protector of constitutional federalism."
Romney's criticism marks the start of an important three-day stretch for the GOP presidential field in the perennial battleground state of Florida. There's Thursday's debate, with events sponsored by the social conservative group Faith and Freedom Coalition stretching into Friday and a nonbinding test vote of party faithful on Saturday.
Perry, the Texas governor and current GOP front-runner in recent national polls, was also in Florida on Wednesday at a pair of private fundraisers, one in Fort Lauderdale and one in Palm Beach County.
While Perry made clear in his book what he thinks about Social Security, he hasn't provided specifics about what he would do if elected president to the program that millions of senior citizens depend on.
When asked in a recent interview with Time magazine how he would change Social Security, Perry said many ideas should be on the table. "The idea that we're going to write a Social Security reform plan today is a bit of a stretch from my perspective," he said.
Romney pressed that issue at his event early Wednesday.
Two large screens displayed questions about Perry's position on Social Security, such as what would happen if some states chose not to have any such system, and whether people would have to switch plans if they moved from state to state.
"There are a lot of questions I'd like to have answered to understand the nature of that plan," Romney said.
Perry spokesman Ray Sullivan accused Romney of "sounding like a Democrat, distorting the truth and trying to scare senior citizens."
"Gov. Perry has been clear that he will protect benefits for those at and nearing retirement and work with citizens, experts and elected leaders to fix Social Security financing for future generations," Sullivan said in an e-mail statement.
Romney said he, too, would propose financial fixes for Social Security, most likely a slight increase in the retirement age for younger workers and a decrease in the plan's growth rate for higher-income retirees.
"It can't keep going forever the way it is," Romney said.
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Follow Curt Anderson on Twitter: http://twitter.com/Miamicurt
Making Movies, like everything follows a "system". It begins with the concept of an idea and ends up a packaged product only. The Oscar-winner Martin Scorsese has started exactly where you did. Would have only a limited budget, just an actor and a few props, but he created his first short 6 minutes short, called Big Shave. And see where he is now. He runs two and a half hour epics such as shutter Iceland.
These are the steps and some tips for implementingTheir ideas into action in the film process.
1) GET YOUR IDEA as a storyboard
Thoughts into the images with a storyboard is a great way to start. This way you can get an idea, how to develop a scene, and what will be in the "context" of the scene.
2) seeing and observing people in real life and SIGNS
If you have to fight ideas or characters in your movie, then a good way to get ideas, issee places and people in real life, and imagine how you can add to your movie. For example, you might have to visit a popular site, which could be an ideal place for your movie? Maybe you meet someone that you are at As the observation would be ideal for a character roaming? Once you put the glasses observation, solve a lot of ideas for plots, characters and locations ?
3) that the music when the planningSCENES
I do not know about you, but the music is a great way to mood and character to your movie. The choice of a large piece of music a medium film can be an exceptional one. It is important to select the pieces that flow with the action. For example, cliffhanging classical music in Jaws, the melodramatic music emotionally in the Godfather or the Battle of musical style in Apocalypse Now. Highlight all tension and mood.
If you're interested in learningmore about the process of production shots, then go to this link below and sign up for the free guide and weekly newsletters to make films ?
Black hole, star collisions may illuminate universe's dark sidePublic release date: 19-Sep-2011 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Morgan Kelly mgnkelly@princeton.edu 609-258-5729 Princeton University
Scientists looking to capture evidence of dark matter -- the invisible substance thought to constitute much of the universe -- may find a helpful tool in the recent work of researchers from Princeton University and New York University.
The team unveiled in a report in the journal Physical Review Letters this month a ready-made method for detecting the collision of stars with an elusive type of black hole that is on the short list of objects believed to make up dark matter. Such a discovery could serve as observable proof of dark matter and provide a much deeper understanding of the universe's inner workings.
Postdoctoral researchers Shravan Hanasoge of Princeton's Department of Geosciences and Michael Kesden of NYU's Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics simulated the visible result of a primordial black hole passing through a star. Theoretical remnants of the Big Bang, primordial black holes possess the properties of dark matter and are one of various cosmic objects thought to be the source of the mysterious substance, but they have yet to be observed.
If primordial black holes are the source of dark matter, the sheer number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy -- roughly 100 billion -- makes an encounter inevitable, the authors report. Unlike larger black holes, a primordial black hole would not "swallow" the star, but cause noticeable vibrations on the star's surface as it passes through.
Thus, as the number of telescopes and satellites probing distant stars in the Milky Way increases, so do the chances to observe a primordial black hole as it slides harmlessly through one of the galaxy's billions of stars, Hanasoge said. The computer model developed by Hanasoge and Kesden can be used with these current solar-observation techniques to offer a more precise method for detecting primordial black holes than existing tools.
"If astronomers were just looking at the sun, the chances of observing a primordial black hole are not likely, but people are now looking at thousands of stars," Hanasoge said.
"There's a larger question of what constitutes dark matter, and if a primordial black hole were found it would fit all the parameters -- they have mass and force so they directly influence other objects in the universe, and they don't interact with light. Identifying one would have profound implications for our understanding of the early universe and dark matter."
Although dark matter has not been observed directly, galaxies are thought to reside in extended dark-matter halos based on documented gravitational effects of these halos on galaxies' visible stars and gas. Like other proposed dark-matter candidates, primordial black holes are difficult to detect because they neither emit nor absorb light, stealthily traversing the universe with only subtle gravitational effects on nearby objects.
Because primordial black holes are heavier than other dark-matter candidates, however, their interaction with stars would be detectable by existing and future stellar observatories, Kesden said. When crossing paths with a star, a primordial black hole's gravity would squeeze the star, and then, once the black hole passed through, cause the star's surface to ripple as it snaps back into place.
"If you imagine poking a water balloon and watching the water ripple inside, that's similar to how a star's surface appears," Kesden said. "By looking at how a star's surface moves, you can figure out what's going on inside. If a black hole goes through, you can see the surface vibrate."
Eyeing the sun's surface for hints of dark matter
Kesden and Hanasoge used the sun as a model to calculate the effect of a primordial black hole on a star's surface. Kesden, whose research includes black holes and dark matter, calculated the masses of a primordial black hole, as well as the likely trajectory of the object through the sun. Hanasoge, who studies seismology in the sun, Earth and stars, worked out the black hole's vibrational effect on the sun's surface.
Video simulations of the researchers' calculations were created by NASA's Tim Sandstrom using the Pleiades supercomputer at the agency's Ames Research Center in California. One clip shows the vibrations of the sun's surface as a primordial black hole -- represented by a white trail -- passes through its interior. A second movie portrays the result of a black hole grazing the Sun's surface.
Marc Kamionkowski, a professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, said that the work serves as a toolkit for detecting primordial black holes, as Hanasoge and Kesden have provided a thorough and accurate method that takes advantage of existing solar observations. A theoretical physicist well known for his work with large-scale structures and the universe's early history, Kamionkowski had no role in the project, but is familiar with it.
"It's been known that as a primordial black hole went by a star, it would have an effect, but this is the first time we have calculations that are numerically precise," Kamionkowski said.
"This is a clever idea that takes advantage of observations and measurements already made by solar physics. It's like someone calling you to say there might be a million dollars under your front doormat. If it turns out to not be true, it cost you nothing to look. In this case, there might be dark matter in the data sets astronomers already have, so why not look?"
One significant aspect of Kesden and Hanasoge's technique, Kamionkowski said, is that it narrows a significant gap in the mass that can be detected by existing methods of trolling for primordial black holes.
The search for primordial black holes has thus far been limited to masses too small to include a black hole, or so large that "those black holes would have disrupted galaxies in heinous ways we would have noticed," Kamionkowski said. "Primordial black holes have been somewhat neglected and I think that's because there has not been a single, well-motivated idea of how to find them within the range in which they could likely exist."
The current mass range in which primordial black holes could be observed was set based on previous direct observations of Hawking radiation -- the emissions from black holes as they evaporate into gamma rays -- as well as of the bending of light around large stellar objects, Kesden said. The difference in mass between those phenomena, however, is enormous, even in astronomical terms. Hawking radiation can only be observed if the evaporating black hole's mass is less than 100 quadrillion grams. On the other end, an object must be larger than 100 septillion (24 zeroes) grams for light to visibly bend around it. The search for primordial black holes covered a swath of mass that spans a factor of 1 billion, Kesden explained -- similar to searching for an unknown object with a weight somewhere between that of a penny and a mining dump truck.
He and Hanasoge suggest a technique to give that range a much-needed trim and established more specific parameters for spotting a primordial black hole. The pair found through their simulations that a primordial black hole larger than 1 sextillion (21 zeroes) grams -- roughly the mass of an asteroid -- would produce a noticeable effect on a star's surface.
"Now that we know primordial black holes can produce detectable vibrations in stars, we could try to look at a larger sample of stars than just our own sun," Kesden said.
"The Milky Way has 100 billion stars, so about 10,000 detectable events should be happening every year in our galaxy if we just knew where to look."
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This research was funded by grants from NASA and by the James Arthur Postdoctoral Fellowship at New York University.
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Black hole, star collisions may illuminate universe's dark sidePublic release date: 19-Sep-2011 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Morgan Kelly mgnkelly@princeton.edu 609-258-5729 Princeton University
Scientists looking to capture evidence of dark matter -- the invisible substance thought to constitute much of the universe -- may find a helpful tool in the recent work of researchers from Princeton University and New York University.
The team unveiled in a report in the journal Physical Review Letters this month a ready-made method for detecting the collision of stars with an elusive type of black hole that is on the short list of objects believed to make up dark matter. Such a discovery could serve as observable proof of dark matter and provide a much deeper understanding of the universe's inner workings.
Postdoctoral researchers Shravan Hanasoge of Princeton's Department of Geosciences and Michael Kesden of NYU's Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics simulated the visible result of a primordial black hole passing through a star. Theoretical remnants of the Big Bang, primordial black holes possess the properties of dark matter and are one of various cosmic objects thought to be the source of the mysterious substance, but they have yet to be observed.
If primordial black holes are the source of dark matter, the sheer number of stars in the Milky Way galaxy -- roughly 100 billion -- makes an encounter inevitable, the authors report. Unlike larger black holes, a primordial black hole would not "swallow" the star, but cause noticeable vibrations on the star's surface as it passes through.
Thus, as the number of telescopes and satellites probing distant stars in the Milky Way increases, so do the chances to observe a primordial black hole as it slides harmlessly through one of the galaxy's billions of stars, Hanasoge said. The computer model developed by Hanasoge and Kesden can be used with these current solar-observation techniques to offer a more precise method for detecting primordial black holes than existing tools.
"If astronomers were just looking at the sun, the chances of observing a primordial black hole are not likely, but people are now looking at thousands of stars," Hanasoge said.
"There's a larger question of what constitutes dark matter, and if a primordial black hole were found it would fit all the parameters -- they have mass and force so they directly influence other objects in the universe, and they don't interact with light. Identifying one would have profound implications for our understanding of the early universe and dark matter."
Although dark matter has not been observed directly, galaxies are thought to reside in extended dark-matter halos based on documented gravitational effects of these halos on galaxies' visible stars and gas. Like other proposed dark-matter candidates, primordial black holes are difficult to detect because they neither emit nor absorb light, stealthily traversing the universe with only subtle gravitational effects on nearby objects.
Because primordial black holes are heavier than other dark-matter candidates, however, their interaction with stars would be detectable by existing and future stellar observatories, Kesden said. When crossing paths with a star, a primordial black hole's gravity would squeeze the star, and then, once the black hole passed through, cause the star's surface to ripple as it snaps back into place.
"If you imagine poking a water balloon and watching the water ripple inside, that's similar to how a star's surface appears," Kesden said. "By looking at how a star's surface moves, you can figure out what's going on inside. If a black hole goes through, you can see the surface vibrate."
Eyeing the sun's surface for hints of dark matter
Kesden and Hanasoge used the sun as a model to calculate the effect of a primordial black hole on a star's surface. Kesden, whose research includes black holes and dark matter, calculated the masses of a primordial black hole, as well as the likely trajectory of the object through the sun. Hanasoge, who studies seismology in the sun, Earth and stars, worked out the black hole's vibrational effect on the sun's surface.
Video simulations of the researchers' calculations were created by NASA's Tim Sandstrom using the Pleiades supercomputer at the agency's Ames Research Center in California. One clip shows the vibrations of the sun's surface as a primordial black hole -- represented by a white trail -- passes through its interior. A second movie portrays the result of a black hole grazing the Sun's surface.
Marc Kamionkowski, a professor of physics and astronomy at Johns Hopkins University, said that the work serves as a toolkit for detecting primordial black holes, as Hanasoge and Kesden have provided a thorough and accurate method that takes advantage of existing solar observations. A theoretical physicist well known for his work with large-scale structures and the universe's early history, Kamionkowski had no role in the project, but is familiar with it.
"It's been known that as a primordial black hole went by a star, it would have an effect, but this is the first time we have calculations that are numerically precise," Kamionkowski said.
"This is a clever idea that takes advantage of observations and measurements already made by solar physics. It's like someone calling you to say there might be a million dollars under your front doormat. If it turns out to not be true, it cost you nothing to look. In this case, there might be dark matter in the data sets astronomers already have, so why not look?"
One significant aspect of Kesden and Hanasoge's technique, Kamionkowski said, is that it narrows a significant gap in the mass that can be detected by existing methods of trolling for primordial black holes.
The search for primordial black holes has thus far been limited to masses too small to include a black hole, or so large that "those black holes would have disrupted galaxies in heinous ways we would have noticed," Kamionkowski said. "Primordial black holes have been somewhat neglected and I think that's because there has not been a single, well-motivated idea of how to find them within the range in which they could likely exist."
The current mass range in which primordial black holes could be observed was set based on previous direct observations of Hawking radiation -- the emissions from black holes as they evaporate into gamma rays -- as well as of the bending of light around large stellar objects, Kesden said. The difference in mass between those phenomena, however, is enormous, even in astronomical terms. Hawking radiation can only be observed if the evaporating black hole's mass is less than 100 quadrillion grams. On the other end, an object must be larger than 100 septillion (24 zeroes) grams for light to visibly bend around it. The search for primordial black holes covered a swath of mass that spans a factor of 1 billion, Kesden explained -- similar to searching for an unknown object with a weight somewhere between that of a penny and a mining dump truck.
He and Hanasoge suggest a technique to give that range a much-needed trim and established more specific parameters for spotting a primordial black hole. The pair found through their simulations that a primordial black hole larger than 1 sextillion (21 zeroes) grams -- roughly the mass of an asteroid -- would produce a noticeable effect on a star's surface.
"Now that we know primordial black holes can produce detectable vibrations in stars, we could try to look at a larger sample of stars than just our own sun," Kesden said.
"The Milky Way has 100 billion stars, so about 10,000 detectable events should be happening every year in our galaxy if we just knew where to look."
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This research was funded by grants from NASA and by the James Arthur Postdoctoral Fellowship at New York University.
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Burdock is a biennial plant, cultivated for its root to be consumed as a vegetable. Burdock root ?? (other popular names: Arctium lappal, Greater burdock, edible burdock, Lappa burdock) is also called ?gob?? in Japan and ?u-eong?u-eong? in Korea. When I first saw burdock root at the wet market, I had mistaken it with a tuber called huai san ?? or shan yao ?? ? (also referred as nagaimo, a Japanese mountain yam). Burdock root can grow up to 1 meter long (2.5ft to 3ft) with a diameter between 2cm to 4cm. It has a sweet but slightly muddy flavour.
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Burdock root is rich in nutrients such as proteins, vitamins (Vitamin A, C, B1, E, K and folate), minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphoros) and dietary fiber. Given its high nutritional value, burdock root is also regarded as ?Oriental Ginseng? (???).
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Burdock root provides plenty of health benefits. It is used as a diuretic, diaphoretic and a blood purifying agent in traditional herbal remedies. It aids peristalsis of the intestines, prevents constipation and abdominal flatulence. It also enhances blood circulation, prevents high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cerebrovascular disease and cancer. It?s also used to treat skin diseases (such as psoriasis and eczema) and burns. Burdock root oil is useful to strengthen and beautify hair by improving scalp circulation, combat hair loss and dandruff. Chinese medicine practitioners combine burdock root with other herbs to treat measles, tonsillitis, colds and sore throat.
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Even though burdock root is loaded with nutrients, it may trigger certain side effects. Burdock root can cause allergy reaction to those who are already sensitive to daises, chrysanthemums, or ragweed. As a diuretic, it is also not recommended for people who are suffering from dehydration. Pregnant women should also avoid burdock root as it may cause uterus stimulation. Since burdock root may also affect blood sugar level, people on diabetic medication should also avoid it. More write-ups about these side effects can be found HERE and HERE. If you intend to use burdock to treat any specific ailment or consume it as supplement, it is recommended to consult a trained medical practitioner or doctor prior to using.
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Burdock root has also gained popularity for its culinary uses in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. Burdock root can be cooked in a variety of ways such as an appetizer, stew, addition to soup, baked as bread and cakes, and even made into snack food.
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So far, my son didn?t really show much interest for soups that I made with burdock root.? But, this burdock root soup I am featuring today is an exception. It is a combination of corns on the cob, carrot and burdock root. I used the natural sweetness of corns and candied dates to cover the earthy taste of the burdock root. Hence, the overall taste is very delicious and welcoming to kids. When my son took a sip of the soup, he got hooked immediately. After drinking the entire bowl of soup, he ate all the ingredients served in it, including the burdock root slices too! Wow! I couldn?t believe my eyes! My trick works!!
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This ?kid-approved? soup is very nourishing and full of nutrients. It makes a great start for those who are new to burdock root. If you drink the soup and eat the cooked ingredients,? then you will get to enjoy more health benefits from this soup and minimise any wastage.
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Other reading references:
- Wikipedia - ???? - Buzzle - About.com - Dick Contino
Get the recipe for BURDOCK ROOT SOUP at PAGE 2 BELOW.
BEIJING ? Official media say a landslide caused by heavy rain plowed into two small factories in northwestern China, killing at least 10 people and leaving 22 others missing.
The Xinhua News Agency says the landslide engulfed a brick factory and destroyed part of a ceramics factory in a suburb of Xi'an, the capital of Shaanxi province.
It says the landslide hit Saturday and sent large amounts of rock and mud tumbling down a mountain. Heavy rains led to three more landslides on Sunday.
The news agency says five people were hurt. More than 700 police, firefighters and local residents are participating in rescue efforts.
By Sunday afternoon, 10 bodies were retrieved from beneath the mud and rock.
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ScienceDaily (Sep. 15, 2011) ? Humanity's relationship to fire -- including wildfires, burning of fossil fuels, controlled burns, and human-caused fire -- is the focus of a report by an international team of scientists. The team was organized by UC Santa Barbara's National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS).
Fire, both friend and foe, is a controversial force in the world. The team of 18 researchers analyzed the history and possible future of our ever-changing relationship with fire in an article published in the Journal of Biogeography. The article is titled, "The Human Dimension of Fire Regimes on Earth."
"The value of this study is that it presents a critical assessment of the diversity of human uses of fire, from tamed landscape fire, to agricultural fire, to industrial fire," said Jennifer K. Balch, postdoctoral associate at NCEAS and second author on the paper. "Human use and misuse of fire has been so prevalent in our evolutionary history, and the evolution of cultures, that we've forgotten how dominant a force fire really is."
The research team noted that wildfires are often viewed as major disasters, and there is concern that climate change will increase their incidence. However, it is difficult to consider the true impact of past or future wildfires without understanding their place in natural and human history, about which much is unknown.
The researchers offer a historical framework to help other researchers, as well as managers, to develop a context for considering the relationships humans have with fire. This framework is key to planning for future fire risk and understanding the role of fire in natural ecosystems, according to David M. J. S. Bowman, lead author and professor at the School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania.
"There are often needless debates about whether or not fire has any place in flammable landscapes," Bowman said. "These debates are not helpful because of the intertwined relationships among humans, landscapes, and fire throughout human history, which blur any distinction between natural and human-set fires."
The researchers' analysis recognizes four fire phases:
Natural fires that occur without human influence.
Tame fire used by hunter-gatherers to manage landscapes for game and wild food production.
Agricultural fire used to clear land, grow food, and burn fallow.
Industrial fire to power modern societies that have switched from using living to fossilized plants as the primary fuel.
All these phases still occur today. The researchers explain that this remarkable diversity of human uses of fire, albeit imperfectly controlled, has powered all cultures. However, the problem is that the excessive combustion of fossil fuels is driving climate change. "Our fossil-fuel-dependent economy is yet another extension of our dependence on combustion," Balch said. "We have effectively put fire in a box." The result of massive dependence on this one use of fire may ultimately overwhelm human capacities to control landscape fire, given more extreme fire weather and more production of fuels, according to the researchers.
Considering Earth's fire history before human influence also offers great insights into the flammable planet we have inherited, according to the team. "Unraveling the nature of fire before any human influence is an important element of the current debate," said co-author Andrew C. Scott, professor in the Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London. "Some only see fires in terms of human causation and impact. Understanding the ways that humans have and are altering natural wildfire systems has profound political and economic significance."
The research highlights the fact that understanding the relative influences of climate, human ignition sources, and cultural practices in particular environments is critical to the development of sustainable fire management to protect human health, property, ecosystems, and diminish greenhouse gas pollution. "Fire is such a defining feature of humans, and we are the only animals that use fire," Bowman said. "We could have been called Homo igniteus as much as Homo sapiens."
With future climate change all of us may have to confront wildfire -- even if we do not do so now -- so understanding human's relationship with fire will be important for all of us, according to Balch. "Companion with changing climate, human ignitions are also changing; therefore, it is imperative that we better understand the human relationship to fire," she said.
NCEAS is funded by the National Science Foundation.
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The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of California - Santa Barbara.
Journal Reference:
David M. J. S. Bowman, Jennifer Balch, Paulo Artaxo, William J. Bond, Mark A. Cochrane, Carla M. D?Antonio, Ruth DeFries, Fay H. Johnston, Jon E. Keeley, Meg A. Krawchuk, Christian A. Kull, Michelle Mack, Max A. Moritz, Stephen Pyne, Christopher I. Roos, Andrew C. Scott, Navjot S. Sodhi, Thomas W. Swetnam. The human dimension of fire regimes on Earth. Journal of Biogeography, 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02595.x
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Students tend to stress out in their junior and senior year, due to being unsure of what to do after high school. Knowing which school to attend once they graduate can be overwhelming for most students. When it comes to college Brockton students can take these things into consideration, in order to choose the best school.
If you already have a degree in mind, then it will make it easier to narrow down your list of schools. You want to choose a school that will have a good program for the degree you are trying to obtain. This will allow you to be in a school that will have you prepared for that career you want.
You also have to figure out why you are choosing a certain school. The reason for choosing it should be more based on being comfortable there, and for academic reasons. The last thing you want to do is choose a school simply because the person you are in a relationship with, or friends are attending that school.
Once you have narrowed down your list of schools to three or less, be sure to visit the campus. Sometimes the guidance counselors will schedule trips to let students visit different schools. Check if they have any trips coming up to the school you are wanting to attend. If not you can always attend with friends or family members. Explore the campus for a few hours to see if that is somewhere you can be comfortable at for the next four years.
A very important factor to consider is the cost of the school. The last thing you want is to be enrolled and ready to move into the campus, only to discover you do not have enough funds for tuition. This will cause you to be dropped from the classes you are registered for. Apply to financial aid and scholarships early, in order to have an idea, how much financial help you will have.
In college Brockton students can obtain a degree that will prepare them for the career of their choice. This guide will help you know which school is the best one for your needs. Make sure to apply to more than one school, in case you do not get into the school of your choice. Read more about: College Brockton
Looking to find the single source of helpful information on College Brockton?
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